Scaling up Europe's offshore grid integration

Europe aims to install up to 500GW of offshore wind by 2050, yet only 37GW is currently operational. To meet its targets, Europe must accelerate offshore grid development and adopt innovative connection models that go beyond national borders.

This paper outlines three connection options—domestic radials, cross-border radials, and offshore hybrids—and examines the regulatory, financial, and technical challenges associated with each.
Key recommendations include:

• Coordinating long-term grid investments and boosting electrification to align supply with demand.



• Creating cross-border financing mechanisms to support cost-effective offshore projects.



• Implementing de-risking tools at national and regional level to provide revenue stabilisation for Offshore Wind Farm developers.



• Reserving onshore grid capacity and streamlining permitting to avoid project delays.



• Strengthen supply chains by aligning targets, auctions, and technical requirements to support scalable, timely and cost-effective delivery of equipment.