In this highly interactive quick-fire session, participants will scan through 14 LIDAR-related presentations and vote to select the three contributions they would like to hear in full. Presentations will cover a wide range of possible LIDAR applications, both offshore and onshore, such as power-curve validation, resource assessment in complex terrain, turbulence intensity measurements, and more.

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Advanced modelling methods are now standard in wind estimating modelling of annual energy production (AEP). In this session, speakers will present round robin tests of models for spatial variability of wind resource on projects using different modelling approaches. We will look at the consequences of including atmospheric stability in the calculation of AEP offshore and how you can measure wind profiles at heights of 100-200 metres by using LIDARs with emphasis on charactering extreme shear situations such as low-level jets causing extreme loads. Finally, we will hear about the variability of turbulence intensities measured offshore.

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Sites subject to cold climate not only have temperatures outside the normal limits of standard wind turbines but also atmospheric icing conditions which are frequent and may account for a significant loss in annual production. This session addresses the most recent advancements in the field of atmospheric icing effects on wind resource yield assessment. Assessing, measuring and estimating icing losses in the resource assessment phase of a project is of crucial importance for the successful business case of a wind farm in cold climates. Icing of the rotor blades can significantly reduce the energy yield of a wind farm up to 10% or more of the annual production and it also influences wind measurements by reducing availability.

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Numerical weather prediction models are increasingly being used for the estimation of wind resources over large regions. The large-scale wind resource maps resulting from such models are useful to identify favourable regions for wind energy deployment in the prospection phase. Often reanalysis data is used as the input for these models and one these datasets, MERRA from NASA, has recently been replaced by MERRA2. We will discuss the consequences of this change along with using micro-scale models to downscale. Speakers will also address the important subject of modelling storms using a coupled numerical weather model a spectral wave model.

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In this session we will get deep into the forest! We will look at how computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be used in modelling the flow in forested areas, how to model profiles and also the turbulence. Different models will be applied and there will be lots of data from real forested sites around the world. The effects of using different input data will be investigated, and the use of lidar LIDAR scans to estimate roughness and other forest related parameters will be discussed. We will also hear about a series of experiments aiming amongst others to improve our understanding of flow in forested areas.

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In the session there will be five presentations on wake modelling and forecasting. They will focus on the limitations in wake modelling including comparison with field data, and will move into short-term power production forecasting as well as studies of uncertainty in wind power forecast methods. 

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