Grid access challenges for wind farms in Europe

To better understand the different grid permitting and curtailment practices across Europe, WindEurope launched a survey in October 2023 to gather information from stakeholders at a national level. Several companies and national wind energy associations have made a significant contribution - and have been acknowledged at the start of this report. Our aim is to summarise the findings of this survey, and to recommend processes that national policymakers can use to improve grid access for wind farms. The report analyses feedback from Belgium, Croatia, Estonia, Germany, Greece, France, Finland, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden and the UK.