Posters

Abstract

Concrete is the dominant material in onshore wind turbine foundations, yet its cement content makes it a major source of CO₂ emissions. Traditionally, foundations relied on C30/37 mixes with Portland cement (≈225 kg CO₂/m³). Over the past decade, the Dutch industry has shifted to CEM III/B with 100% ground granulated blast furnace slag, reducing emissions to ≈130 kg CO₂/m³.  This presentation highlights ongoing developments that enable further reductions and point toward CO₂-neutral foundations. Near-term pilot projects explore geopolymer concretes (≈80 kg CO₂/m³), recycled aggregates, and hybrid structural concepts where different exposure zones use tailored materials. Future solutions under consideration include carbon capture during cement production and CO₂-sequestering aggregates such as biochar, olivine, and carbon cure.  The approach builds on optimized foundation designs that already save large volumes of concrete and reinforcement steel. By combining design optimization with sustainable material strategies, further reductions are achievable. Results show that technically robust and regulatory-compliant concrete mixtures are feasible today, provided stakeholders embrace qualification testing and collaborative innovation with contractors and suppliers.  The session will inspire developers, engineers, and asset owners to accelerate adoption of sustainable concrete in their projects, aligning with European climate goals while ensuring safety, durability, and cost competitiveness.