Replacing Europe’s fossil-fuelled generation assets with renewable energy will require significant and sustained investments for decades to come. Certainty for private investors is crucial to complete the energy transition. However, in recent years abrupt - and in some cases retroactive - changes to support schemes and planning and permitting regimes have caused substantial losses for investors and created uncertainty for wind projects in several European markets. As a result, new wind investments are increasingly concentrated in a smaller number of markets, with Germany accounting for 50% in 2015.

What can be done to protect investors against retroactive changes and restore confidence in the markets that have been marred by political flip-flopping?

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